Corporate Officer Liability and the Applicable Standard of Review¬¬ Under Delaware Law and Agency Law

Article published in the Michigan State University School of Law Student Scholarship Collection

Specific, Common, and Unintended Factors in Psychotherapy: Descriptive and Correlational Approaches to What Creates Change

From the psychotherapy outcome literature, many have inferred that either theory-specific techniques or interventions common to all therapies are what produce symptom change. However, such conclusions are premature because (a) too few direct tests have been conducted of how variation in the levels of either specific or common factor interventions relate to outcome, (b) those prior investigations of specific and common factors and outcome have often been limited to examining linear relations between intervention use and outcome when curvilinear functions might better model their association, and (c) most studies of psychotherapy and outcome have failed to consider how interventions specific to theoretical orientations other than that being studied (i.e., interventions not intended to be in the specific treatment under investigation nor common to all therapies) might also contribute to outcome. In this thesis, I present two studies investigating the relation of interventions from a number of different therapy systems to subsequent symptom improvement in behavioral therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and psychodynamic therapy for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Theory-specific techniques were prominent in both therapies (e.g., behavioral techniques in behavioral therapy, psychodynamic techniques in dynamic therapy), and moderate levels of specific factors were related to better outcome than were higher or lower levels in each treatment. Common factor techniques were among the highest reported interventions in both treatments, but were not predictive of symptom improvement in either therapy. Interventions from other theoretical orientations were present in both therapies, but in such a way that individual techniques appeared to be selected for use based on their congruence with the theoretical orientation of the treatment. In behavioral therapy, no other types of interventions contributed to outcome more than behavioral interventions. In psychodynamic therapy, moderate levels of process-experiential techniques were associated with better outcome than were higher or lower levels. Further research needs to document how specific, common, and unintended factors occur in different psychotherapies and how such interventions might relate to outcome in complex ways before conclusions can be made about the mechanisms of therapy

Indigenous Angolans and Global Trade in the Age of Abolition: 1797-1852

This study analyzes the Indigenous, unenslaved population of the Portuguese colony of Angola from 1797 to 1852 from an economic perspective. The outcome of the work is to see how financially connected the majority of Angolans were to the Portuguese colonial economic system and global trade in this period, as well as to determine the effects of global economic links on late modern Angolan life. The African contribution to global trade through the exportation of slaves is well known, though the economic relationship between this trade and Indigenous Africans can be difficult to determine. In Angola, a wealth of demographic data recorded in the colonial period helps understand the effects of global trade, abolitionism, and major political events on local communities. Coupled with trade records, colonial censuses illustrate the relative economic isolation experienced by Indigenous Angolans in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, despite protracted European interference in the region.Este trabalho analisa a população indígena e não escravizada da colónia portuguesa de Angola entre 1797 e 1852 do ponto de vista económico. O objetivo é determinar a medida em que a maioria dos angolanos estava ligada ao sistema financeiro português estabelecido na colónia e ao comércio global neste período. Pretende identificar os efeitos dos laços económicos globais na vida moderna angolana. A contribuição africana para o comércio global é bem conhecida através da exportação de escravos, embora a relação económica entre este comércio e as comunidades africanas indígenas seja difícil de determinar com certeza. Em Angola, uma quantidade impressionante de dados demográficos registrados no período colonial ajuda a compreender os impactos do comércio global, do abolicionismo e dos principais eventos políticos. Juntamente com os registros comerciais, os censos coloniais ilustram uma economia relativamente isolada e livre de pressões exteriores partilhada pelos indígenas angolanos no final do século XVIII e no início do século XIX, apesar da prolongada interferência europeia na região

An investigation of term weighting approaches for microblog retrieval

The use of effective term frequency weighting and document length normalisation strategies have been shown over a number of decades to have a significant positive effect for document retrieval. When dealing with much shorter documents, such as those obtained from microblogs, it would seem intuitive that these would have less benefit. In this paper we investigate their effect on microblog retrieval performance using the Tweets2011 collection from the TREC 2011 Microblog Track

Gifts of the Muse: Reframing the Debate About the Benefits of the Arts

Offers an alternative view of how arts benefits society based on understanding individual, intrinsic benefits as the gateway to more public benefits. Argues that efforts to sustain the supply of the arts should be balanced with a focus on building demand

Implementation of an Information Retrieval System (ANIRS) with Ranking and Browsing Capabilities

This report describes an implementation of a cluster based information retrieval system with statistical ranking facilities, ANIRS. ANIRS uses the vector space model to represent the document database. In this model, the database is defined by a document by term, D, matrix. In this matrix, each row represents the terms in a single document and each column represents the documents that contain a single term. In ANIRS, two matching methodologies are allowed: a full database search and a cluster based search. The system uses a natural language query interface. It incorporates suffix stripping for term conglomeration. Two methods of query refinement are used: relevance feedback and document seed searching. Cluster browsing, the ability to look at all the documents in a single cluster, is also implemented

Winter Solutions in Pure Michigan

Our northern neighbors from Farmington Hills, Michigan, will share their winter management success stories. Farmington Hills Department of Public Works has developed an award-winning winter operations program by transitioning away from traditional methods. Choosing to travel down a more sustainable and assetfriendly path by using innovative products, training, and reducing the damage caused by deicing. Farmington Hills DPW has been a leader in expanding the use of organic products in its Snow and Ice Control Program

Calibration

It doesn’t matter if our salt spreaders are new or old, electronic or manual, liquid or granular— they all need to be calibrated. Annual calibration of salt spreaders is an important part of your fleet maintenance, winter maintenance, and MS4 compliance program. Representatives from the Department of Public Works of Farmington Hills, Michigan, will present on calibration of manual and computerized controls for winter maintenance best practices. Topics include granular and liquid calibration as well as using this practice as a tool in conjunction with AVL